Poor circulation in the legs and feet is more common than many people realize—and it can quietly interfere with daily life. Cold toes, tingling sensations, swelling, cramping, or persistent numbness are often signs that blood isn’t moving efficiently through the lower limbs. These symptoms are frequently linked to conditions such as diabetes, peripheral artery disease (PAD), prolonged sitting, smoking, or a generally sedentary lifestyle.

Medical care and lifestyle changes—like staying active, managing weight, and quitting smoking—remain the foundation of treatment. However, nutrition can also play a meaningful supporting role. Certain vitamins help keep blood vessels healthy and flexible, and one nutrient in particular has drawn attention for its impact on circulation: Vitamin B3, also known as niacin.

How Vitamin B3 Supports Circulation

Vitamin B3 plays a direct role in maintaining healthy blood vessels. One of its most important actions is encouraging vasodilation, which means helping blood vessels relax and widen. When vessels expand, blood flows more easily—especially to areas like the legs and feet, where circulation problems often show up first.

Niacin is also well known for its influence on cholesterol balance. It can help reduce LDL (“bad”) cholesterol while raising HDL (“good”) cholesterol, supporting cleaner and more flexible arteries. Over time, healthier arteries mean fewer restrictions to blood flow and better oxygen delivery to tissues.

Another benefit of Vitamin B3 is its support of endothelial function. The endothelium is the thin layer of cells lining blood vessels, responsible for regulating vessel tone and blood pressure. When these cells function properly, blood vessels respond more effectively to the body’s needs, improving overall circulation.

For people with narrowed or stiff blood vessels, niacin’s vessel-relaxing effect may help ease symptoms such as swelling, heaviness, or numbness in the lower limbs. Some people notice a brief warming or tingling sensation—often called a “niacin flush.” While surprising, this reaction is generally harmless and reflects increased blood flow.