To check for the presence of cancer cells or markers, a urological surgeon inserts a cystoscope into the bladder. Once the lesions are identified, they are removed and analyzed to appropriately treat the disease. However, like all chronic diseases, there is a possibility of recurrence in some patients. At the time of diagnosis, 80% of tumors attack the superficial layers of the bladder without infiltrating the muscle of the bladder wall. This is where the prognosis is very important because the risk of recurrence varies. For tumors with a relatively low probability of recurrence, simple cystoscopy monitoring is required three months later and then annually for five years. When the risk is higher, monitoring is required every three months, then every six months for two years, and annually for 15 years. This type of tumor with a high risk of recurrence is treated with the tuberculosis vaccine. The immune reaction will allow the body to kill any remaining cancer cells.
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